The Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD) has introduced updates to the Lower Primary School curriculum (Grades 1, 2, and 3) for the 2025 academic year. These changes reflect a refinement of the 2024 changes to the competency-based curriculum (CBC), with particular emphasis on digital literacy, experiential learning, and real-world applications.
Digital Integration Across Learning Areas
A key feature of the 2025 curriculum is the comprehensive integration of digital tools and interactive learning experiences. Mathematics now incorporates digital numeracy tools and simulations, while language subjects (English and Kiswahili) embrace multimedia storytelling and collaborative learning platforms. Creative Activities have evolved to include digital music tools, animation, and performance recording.
Reformed Teaching Methodologies
The curriculum introduces significant changes to teaching approaches, particularly in language instruction. English across all three grades now emphasizes implicit grammar learning, postponing explicit instruction until Grade 4. This shift allows for a more natural and immersive language acquisition process. Similarly, Mathematics and Environmental Activities now integrate STEM-based problem-solving approaches, fostering practical skills development.
Evolution of Assessment Methods
The 2025 curriculum marks a decisive move away from traditional rote-based assessments, introducing more dynamic evaluation methods:
- English and Kiswahili now incorporate self-assessment, peer collaboration, and comprehension challenges
- Mathematics features competency-based assessments, including financial literacy exercises
- Creative Activities utilize digital portfolios and group performance evaluations
- Religious Education includes self-reflection exercises and ethical debates
Integration of Contemporary Issues
The revised curriculum thoughtfully embeds modern-day concerns across all learning areas:
- Environmental conservation and climate change awareness
- Digital responsibility and cyber safety
- Gender inclusivity and child rights
- Cultural diversity appreciation
- Social responsibility and leadership
Subject-Specific Transformations
Key changes across core subjects include:
- English: Introduction of multimedia engagement and peer collaboration
- Kiswahili: Enhanced language immersion and experiential learning approaches
- Mathematics: Strengthened real-world applications and STEM integration
- Environmental Activities: Expanded focus on climate change and sustainability
- Creative Activities: Integration of digital arts and collaborative expression
- Religious Education: Addition of leadership training and social justice discussions
Implementation Considerations for Educators
For lower primary educators, these changes necessitate:
- Development of digital competencies to effectively utilize new teaching tools
- Adaptation to new assessment strategies that emphasize interactive learning
- Integration of contemporary issues across subject areas
- Enhanced focus on experiential and project-based learning approaches
The success of this curriculum will depend significantly on effective implementation by educators and support from all education stakeholders.
Download a more detailed analysis of lower primary learning areas.
